カリフォルニア大学バークレー校より障害学、社会人類学を専門とするKaren Nakamura氏をお招きして、社会科学研究所にて講演会を開催します。

タイトル: How Artificial Intelligence is Fundamentally Changing the Landscape for Disability (and not in positive ways)

日時: 2020年3月25日（水）17;00-18:30
場所: 東京大学本郷キャンパス　赤門総合研究棟 549室
https://www.iss.u-tokyo.ac.jp/guide/index.html

使用言語：英語
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お問い合わせ先：todaiberkeley@iss.u-tokyo.ac.jp

要旨
The development of artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI/ML) systems has accelerated rapidly in the last decade. Now, very few of us are not in contact with AI systems on a daily basis - whether on an intimate basis with Siri, Google, Alexa or more abstractly through some of the AI/ML systems that drive modern commerce. However, while the AI/ML system was initially driven on the promise of greater access -- especially to people with disabilities -- the reality is that the newest iterations of AI/ML risk excluding disabled and other marginalized populations even further. From health evaluations to job screenings, from automated pedestrian detection to automated passport lanes, technologists, social scientists, bioethicists, legal experts, and members of marginalized communities will need to work together to chart the appropriate frameworks for the new deployments of these technologies.

講師略歴
Professor Karen Nakamura is a cultural and visual anthropologist at the University of California Berkeley. Her first book was titled Deaf in Japan: Signing and the Politics of Identity (2006). Her next project resulted in two ethnographic films and a monograph titled, A Disability of the Soul: An Ethnography of Schizophrenia and Mental Illness in Contemporary Japan (2014). She is currently working on the intersections of transsexuality and disability politics in postwar Japan as well as a project on disability, technology, and access especially in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI/ML).

イェール大学の比較政治経済の第一人者であるIsabela Mares 氏をお招きして、東京大学駒場キャンパスおよび本郷キャンパスにて研究会を開催します。

いずれも事前登録は不要です。
講演内容、スピーカー略歴等の詳細は以下の英文案内をご参照ください。

We are pleased to announce the details of the 16th Yamakawa Kenjiro Lecture Series.
The speaker is Isabela Mares, Arnold Wolfers Professor of Political Science at Yale University.

The two talks will discuss the methodological and empirical aspects of electoral clientelism based on her new book (with Lauren E. Young), Conditionality and Coercion (Oxford University Press, 2019).The talks are open to the public

1. First talk: "How to study electoral irregularities: new advances in theory and measurement"

DATE: March 9th (Mon); 15:30 to 18:00.
VENUE; Collaboration Room 3 at Building 18, University of Tokyo, Komaba Campus
<https://www.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/eng_site/info/about/visitors/maps-directions/campusmap.html>

OUTLINE: In elections around the world, large numbers of voters are influenced by promises or threats that are contingent on how they vote. Recently, the political science literature has made considerable progress in disaggregating electoral clientelism along two dimensions: first, in recognizing the diversity of actors mediating between　candidates and voters and, second, in conceptualizing and disaggregating clientelism based on positive and negative inducements of different forms.
In this talk, I report the results of several studies I conducted that use non-obtrusive survey techniques, such as list-experiments, to measure the presence of clientelistic strategies. I also show how a variety of other survey experiments can be used to measure voters' evaluation of candidates that use various forms of clientelism and help us understand why voters do not always sanction candidates that use illicit strategies.

2. Second Talk: "Democratization after Democratization: How European countries ended electoral corruption"

DATE; March 10th (Tue): 17:30 to 19:30
VENUE; Conference Room 1, ISS Building, University of Tokyo, Hongo Campus
<https://www.iss.u-tokyo.ac.jp/guide/index.html>

OUTLINE: In many European countries, elections during the period following the adoption of universal suffrage displayed remarkably high levels of vote-buying, intimidation and fraud. As voters' electoral autonomy was insufficiently protected, electoral rights were only hollow promises, In this talk, I examine the democratization of electoral practices in several European countries during the 19th century.
I study the introduction of multiple electoral reforms which include legislation that sought to limit vote-buying, lower the ability of candidates to politicize state resources, improve voting technology and protect voter autonomy as well as reforms that limited fraud. Taking advantage of newly digitized historical data, I examine the conditions under which electoral majorities supporting such reforms came about and the relative importance of economic and political changes for the formation of these coalitions favoring electoral change. I conclude by discussing the implications of these successful episodes of democratization of electoral practices for recent democracies today.

This talk is based on Chapter 2 of her recent book (with Lauren Young) Conditionality and Coercion

Please contact <hiwatari "at" iss.u-tokyo> for further information or queries. (Please change "at" to @.)

SPEAKER: Isabela Mares
Arnold Wolfers Professor of Political Science
<https://politicalscience.yale.edu/people/isabela-mares>

Isabela Mares is Professor of Political Science at Yale University. Isabela Mares has written extensively on a range of topics in comparative politics and political economy, including democratization, clientelism and corruption, taxation and fisca
l capacity development, social policy reforms in both developed and developing countries. She is the author of The Politics of Social Risk: Business and Welfare State Development (New York: Cambridge University Press), Taxation, Wage Bargaining and Unemployment (New York: Cambridge University Press); From Open Secrets to Secret Voting: The adoption of electoral reforms protecting voter autonomy (New York: Cambridge University Press) and Conditionality and Coercion: Electoral clientelism in Eastern Europe, co-authored with Lauren Young (forthcoming, Oxford University Press).
She is currently completing a book entitled Democratization after Democratization, which examines the adoption of electoral reforms limiting electoral irregularities in the Western World.

Isabela Mares has received a PhD degree in political science from Harvard University. Prior to coming to Yale, Isabela Mares has been on the faculty of Stanford and Columbia University, and has taught at Sciences Po Paris and the Central EuropeanU
niversity in Budapest. She has held visiting appointments at the Center for the Study of
Democratic Politics at Princeton and the Russell Sage Foundation.

At Yale, Isabela Mares is teaching courses in political economy, welfare state development, democratization and democratic erosion and an interdisciplinary graduate course on Micro-historical Analysis in Comparative Research.